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Communism in Eastern Europe

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A Historical Journey Through Ideology, Implementation, and Legacy Communism in Eastern Europe represents one of the most transformative and controversial chapters of the 20th century. From the rise of Soviet influence after World War II to the dramatic collapse of communist regimes in 1989–1991, the region’s experience with communism shaped its political, economic, social, and cultural landscapes. This blog delves into the origins, implementation, challenges, and lasting legacy of communism in Eastern Europe, focusing on key countries like Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Romania, and Yugoslavia, while exploring its broader implications. The Origins of  Communism in  Eastern Europe Eastern Bloc Communism, rooted in the theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, envisioned a classless, stateless society where the means of production are collectively owned. In Eastern Europe, communism gained traction after the Russian Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks estab...

The Gig Economy in India

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The Gig Economy in India A Revolution in Work, Opportunities, and Challenges The gig economy in India is reshaping the employment landscape, offering unprecedented flexibility and opportunities while posing significant challenges for workers and policymakers. Characterized by short-term, flexible, and often platform-based jobs, the gig economy is a dynamic force driven by technology, changing work preferences, and economic necessities. This blog explores the growth, drivers, opportunities, challenges, and future of India’s gig economy, with a focus on its impact on workers, businesses, and society. What is the Gig Economy? The gig economy refers to a labor market where individuals take on temporary, flexible jobs or "gigs" instead of traditional, permanent employment. These gigs are often facilitated by digital platforms like Uber, Zomato, Swiggy, Ola, Urban Company, Upwork, and Freelancer, connecting workers with clients or businesses. Gig workers, also known as freelancers ...

Democratic Socialism

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Democratic Socialism Socialism was divided into two main schools after karl Marx. These were – (i) Revolutionary socialism, and (ii) Evolutionary socialism. Revolutionary socialism believes in violence. Anarchism, syndicalism, and communism are kinds of revolutionary socialism. Evolutionary socialism or democratic socialism believes in the adoption of peaceful and legitimate means for bringing about socialism. Collectivism, fabianism and guild socialism come under the category of Democratic Socialism Several eminent socialist thinkers made their contribution to the development of Democratic Socialism. These include R.H. Jawney, Ramsey Macdonald, Harold J. Laski, Clement R. Atlee, F.M. Durbin, John Kenneth Galbraith, CAR Crossland, GDH Cole, Jawaharlal Nehru, Robert Owen, St. Simon. Evolution of Democratic Socialism The impact of the industrial and intellectual revolutions was great on the minds of European thinkers, and it helped the clear emergence of socialism. Original and rational ...

Economic Reforms (NEP 1991)

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Industrial Policy, 1991 It were the industrial policies of past which had shaped the nature and structure of the Indian economy. The need of the hour was to change the nature and structure of the economy by early 1990s. The GoI decided to change the very nature of the industrial policy which will automatically lead to change in the nature and scope of the economy. And here came the New Industrial Policy of 1991. With this policy the government kickstarted the very process of reform in the economy, that is why the policy is taken more as a process than a policy . Background: India was faced with severe balance of payment crisis by June 1991. Basically, in early 1990, there were inter-connected set of events, which were growing unfavourable for the Indian economy: (i). Due to the Gulf War (1990-91), the higher oil prices were fastly depleting India's Foreign reserves. (ii). Sharp decline in the private remittances from the overseas Indian workers in the wake of the Gulf War, speciall...

Policies of India (Industrial Policy)

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Industrial policy An industrial policy in the Indian economy refers to set of Government Guidelines and strategies aim at directing and promoting the development of the Industrial sector often including measures to regulate pacific industries encourage investment and foster domestic manufacturing with clinical policies including the 1948 Industrial policy dissolution. The 1956 policy emphasizing public sector investment and the 1991 New Industrial Policy which dictate towards liberalization and reduce government control. Industrial Policy Resolution, 1948 Announced on April 8, 1948 this was not only the first industrial policy statement of India, but it decided the model of the economic system (mixed economy), too. Thus, it was the first   economic policy of the country. The major highlights of the policy are given below: (i).  India will be a mixed economy. (ii).  Some of the important industries were put under the Central List  such as coal, power, railways, c...